Improvement in base-burning stoves



F. H. HUSTED.

Base-Burning Stove- M Patented April 21, 1868.-'

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N. PETE-R3. F HOT O-UTNOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D. C.

FRANK H. HUSTED, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

Lam Patent No. 76,922, dated April 21, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN BASE-BURNIN G STOVES.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, FRANK H, HUSTED, of the city of Buffalo, in thecounty of- Erie, and State of New York, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Magazine or Base-Burning Stoves; and I dohereby-declare that the following is a full and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, in whichFigure I is a central vertical section of a stove provided with myimprovements.

Figure II is a horizontalsection, on line aim, Fig. I, looking upward,showing a bottom plan of the magazirfi.

Figure III is a bottom plan of a modification of my improvement.

Figure IV, a vertical section of the same.

Figure V is a horizontal section of a magazine, square in cross-section,arranged in a stove so as to Iorm return-fines.

Figure VLshows another method of forming the discharge-opening in thebottom of the magazine.

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts'in all thefigures.

The use of magazirle or base-burning stoves, as they are termed,although possessing the great advantage of being self-feeding, has beenfound to be attended with some serious objections, which, to the mindsof some persons, are sufiicient to overbalance this advantage, and toprevent their adoption. The principal objection raised again their useis the increased amount of coal required to produce a given amount ofheat; This is not necessarily a fatal objection, but is the result ofthe improper construction of the magazine.

The magazine being of simple cylindrical form, with the lower end leftopen, it has been found from experience that the coal, to a considerabledistance up the magazine, (and sometimes the entire quantity,) becomesignited, from the fact that the open end of the magazine is directlyover the centre of the fire, and point of most intense heat. Thisinvolves not only the loss, to a great extent, of the coal consumed inthe lower end of the magazine, but also, by obstructing the centre ofthe fire, and from the great depth of coal at that point, prevents thatfree and natural combustionwhich economy requires.

The object of my improvements is to overcome these objections, and toincrease the advantages of this class of stoves. y

The invention consists First, in constructing the lower portion themagazinewith a semi or partially annular coal-passage, arranged with adeflecting-plate, so as to leave, to as great an extent as possible, afree and unobstructed combustiom space at the centre, where itis-usuallyobstructed by the base of the cylinder.

Second, in dividing the combustion-space surrounding the magazine, bymeans of vertical plates or dampers,- or by arranging the magazine (ofsquare or other suitable form in cross-section) so that its corners willmake the necessary divisions, and form rcturn flues, in combinationwith-my aforesaid improvements.

In the drawings, A representsan ordinary cylindrical stove, B the grate,C the fire-pot, and D the fuel magazine or supply-cylinder. I

The body, or main portion of the magazine, may he made of dilforentforms. In Figs. I and II it is shown of a segmental cylindrical form, soas to afford a larger combustion-space, E, in front of the magazine. Thelower portion of the magazine may be constructed with the acquiredcontracted escape-passage for the deal formed in different ways, eachmethod, to a great'or lcss degree, accomplishing the same results, viz,that of preventing the ignition of the coal, and generation of gas inthe magazine, of affording more free and unob structed combustion of thefuel beneath, the depositing of the coal moreloosely upon the grate thanis the case when the entire end of the magazine is left open, and thecoal permitted 'to descend in a packed and unbroken mass.

I prefer to construct the lower portion of the magazine as shown inFigs. I and II, so that the coal is dis charged through a semi orpartially annular passage, a, at the back part of the magazine, while adeflecting plate, 6, supports and directs the coal towards the dischargea, leaving beneath it a central and unobstructed combustion-space,f.This plate serves to deflect the products of combustion towards thefront of the stovc,.

and up the enlarged combustion-space E.

To each of the corners or angles c c of the magazine, I hinge verticalplates (Z (Z, provided with a suitable rod, '12, or other device,-bywhich they are operated, so as to partially or entirely divide the frontspace E from the rest of the combustion-chamber, as may be reqi ired.

A short distance above the top of the magazine, I arrange a horizontalplate or diaphragm, g, having an aperture at the centre, provided with acover, e, so as to form above said plate an oven, F.

Coal is introduced into the magazine througha hole in the top of thestove, and the one in the plate 5/.

The before-described construction of the-base of the coal-cylinder, inconnection with the enlarged space E, will of itself cause the productsof combustion to concentrate toward the front of the stoves, and takean, upward direction to the top, but the employment of the damper-platesd more perfectlyinsur'es this result.

By this arrangement, the products of combustion, bybeing compelled topass over the top of the magazine, and under the plate 9, enable bakingand other cooking to be readily carried on in the oven '1? and hole a,as is frequently required, and which cannot be accomplished withordinary methods of constructing base-burning stoves. This is anotherimportant advantage resulting from my improvement.

' Although I prefer constructing the base of'the fuel-chamber with thesemi-annular opening a, yet it may be constructed with two inclinedplates, h'h, converging towards the centre, so as to leave a narrowspace,i, between the two for the descent of the coal, as shown in VI.

. In Figs. III and IV, the base of the magazine is shown having twopassages, a? a, at the sides, for the descent of the coal, instead ofthesingle semi-annular one.

This leaves a similar open space,f, at the centre, the draught in thiscase being deflected to the back and front by the double-inclined plate6, as clearly shown. By forming a door, 1, in front of,this space, inboth methods of construction easy access can be had to the grate forkindling the fire, or for the introduction of wood when only a slightand temporary fire is required.

Fig. Vrepresents a. fuel pragazine, square in cross-section, so arrangedin a stove that its corners will divide the surrounding space into 'fourvertical fines, m m m m, the first two forming upward, and the latterdownward, or return-fines.

This construction is also specially adapted for heating the oven at thetop of the stove, being in principle and effect a simple duplication ofthe arrangement first described.

Constructing the base of the magazine with a contracted openingbarelysufncient for. the descent of the coal, prevents the possibilityof igniting the latter inthe supply chamber, and consequently thegeneration and accumulation of gas therein, which, in ordinary stovesof, that kind, is a matter ofinconvenicnce, and 'sometimesof danger,from the explosion of the same. The pieces of coal, in their gradualdescent through the narrow opening at the bottom of the magazine, aredeposited loosely on the grate in a shallow stratum, so as to permitfree circulation of air. through the mass, thereby producing, inconnection with the central open space, the most perfect and briskcombustion. With the ordinary methods of construction, the coal descendson the grate in .a packed mass, the thickness and compactness of thestratum, to say nothing of the obstructed centra greatly retarding andpreventing proper and economical combustion: 1 I

My improved stove, whiie-itpossesses allthe advantages of the ordinarybase-burning stove, effects a great saving in fuel, is capable of beingused as a wood-stove, fire therein can be conveniently lighted, and iswell adapted for cooking-purposes, thus combining advantages which noother stove with which I am acquainted.

possesses.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by' Letters Patent,isv 1. Forming the central combustiomspacef by means of the passage asand deflecting-plate b, or their equivalents, substantially in themanner and for the purposes shown and described.

2. Dividing the combustiomchtmbersurrounding the magazine into verticalfines, by the. magazine itself, of the form described, or by the" hingedplates cl 01, provided with operating-rods n,,or equivalent,substantially in the manner and for the purpose specified. p i I 3; Themagazine '1), provided with deflecting-plate, b, and semi-annulardischarge-aperture a, or equivalent, and arranged sa nts to form anenlarged flue, E, in front, in combination with the oven F, arranged andoperating substantially as set forth.

FRANK H. HUSTEDL Witnesses:

JAY Hus-r, Vrcron H. Bscxnn.

